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Kaunchi Culture is an archaeological culture in the area along Syrdarya middle course and its tributaries (Angren, Chirchik, Keles) dated from the 2nd century BCE to the early 8th century CE. The culture is named after the site of the ancient town Kaunchi-Tepe, first studied by G. V. Grigoriev in 1934–37. Typical for the Kaunchi culture are settlements located in proximity to water and surrounded by distinct kurgan burials of catacomb type with long dromoses, crypts, and burial vaults, with bone horse trappings and typical nomadic rites.〔Masson V.M., ''Pre-Islamic Central Asia'', http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/archeology-v〕 The Kaunchi culture people predominantly practiced cattle husbandry and nonirrigated agriculture (grain cultures of millet, barley, wheat, and rice, cotton, melons, and fruits). For the Kaunchi culture are typical hand-formed pottery: ''khums'' (large bowls for water and produce), pots, pitchers, and cups adorned with ram’s head on the handles. In the 1st century CE ceramics made on a potter's wheel became more common. The ram head ornament was replaced by a bull head in the late 3rd and early 4th centuries. At that period weapons started appearing in the kurgans. The settlements usually have monumental oval buildings in the center, at times with a defensive wall. A single large 150 hectare settlement was the city of Kang (Kanka) south of Tashkent founded in the 1st century CE with a square layout, encircled by a wall with inner passages.〔Masson V.M., ''Pre-Islamic Central Asia''〕 The territories with the Kaunchi-type remains spread from the Otrar region along Syrdarya to the south of Tashkent, they were attributed to the domain of the Kangar polity (Ch. 康居 Pin. ''Kangju'') known from the Chinese sources, with the capital Kang. The Kaunchi culture significantly impacted the archeological cultures in the vast territories of the Middle Asia.〔Masson V.M., ''Pre-Islamic Central Asia''〕 == Literature == *''Drevnosti Chardary'', Alma-Ata, 1968 (''In Russian'') *Grigoriev G.V., ''Kaunchi-Tepe (excavations of 1935), Tashkent, 1940 (''In Russian'') *Isamiddin M.,Suleymanov R.Kh., ''Yerkurgan (stratigraphy and periodization)'', Tashkent, 1984 (''In Russian'') *Levina L.M. ''Ceramics of lower and middle Syrdarya''//Works of Khorezm Archeological & Ethnographic Expedition, Vol 17, Moscow, 1971 (''In Russian'') *The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition, 1970-1979 (''In Russian'') 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kaunchi culture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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